饮食诱导肥胖Envigo
harlan teklad动物饲料官网 TD.88137 饮食诱导肥胖(DIO) Adjusted calories diet (42% from fat)
用于诱导肥胖和肥胖相关并发症(如糖尿病和代谢综合征)的纯化高脂饮食通常有40-60%的能量来源于脂肪。下面的饮食表总结了一些特克拉德定制研究饮食的相关饮食特征，这些研究饮食通常用于啮齿类动物模型。
泰克乐还为其他物种，包括猪、灵长类动物和狗创造高脂肪饮食。联系我们讨论使用这些饮食或更好地满足您的需要。
| 通常使用的饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)技术啮齿动物饮食中含有55-60%的热量来自脂肪。 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 饮食特征 | TD.06414 备好 | TD.93075 面团 | TD.07011 球团 |
| 千卡/克 | 5.1 | 4.8 | |
| 脂肪，%千卡 | 60 | 55 | |
| 脂肪来源， 按重量计百分比 |
31%猪油 3%豆油 |
27.4%蔬菜酥油 1.6%玉米油 |
|
| 脂肪酸谱， 总脂肪百分比 |
37%饱和 47%单不饱和 16%多不饱和 |
28%饱和，30%反式 28%单不饱和(顺式) 14%多不饱和 |
|
| 蔗糖 按重量计百分比 |
12.1 | 9.6 | |
| 注记 | 60F10S海报数据 与D 12492比较 |
反式脂肪 | |
| 示例修改 | TD.08500椰子油 TD.09766乳脂 |
||
| 成分匹配， 低脂控制饮食* |
TD.06416(35%蔗糖) TD.08806(11%蔗糖) |
TD.93074(21%蔗糖) TD.120651(7%蔗糖) |
|
| 参考文献 | 鼠 大鼠 |
鼠 大鼠 |
*控制饮食可以通过几种方式来设计，这取决于研究人员相对于高脂肪饮食想要改变什么特征。这些只是几个例子。
| 通常使用的饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)技术啮齿动物饮食中含有40-45%的热量来自脂肪。 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 饮食特征 | TD.06415 | TD.08811 | TD.88137 备好 | TD.95217 |
| 千卡/克 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.3 |
| 脂肪，%千卡 | 45 | 45 | 42 | 40 |
| 脂肪来源， 按重量计百分比 |
19.5%猪油 3%豆油 |
21%乳脂 2%豆油 |
21%乳脂 | 10.6%蔬菜酥油 4%乳脂 4%豆油 |
| 脂肪酸谱， 总脂肪百分比 |
36%饱和 46%单不饱和 18%多不饱和 |
61%饱和 31%单不饱和 8%多不饱和 |
62%饱和 27%单不饱和 5%多不饱和 |
34%饱和，18%反式 29%单不饱和(顺式) 19%多不饱和 |
| 蔗糖 按重量计百分比 |
22.8 | 36.8 | 34.5 | 15.8 |
| 注记 | 与D 12451比较 | 45F30S海报数据 | “西餐” 添加胆固醇 |
反式脂肪 |
| 示例修改 | TD.110716乳脂 TD.10670无染料 |
TD.130784猪油 TD.120438无染料 |
TD.07201猪油 TD.00573椰子油，不含胆固醇 TD.09682蓝色染料 |
TD.07734绿色染料 |
| 成分匹配， 低脂控制饮食* |
TD.06416(35%蔗糖) TD.110675(18%蔗糖) |
TD.120455(6%蔗糖，抗性淀粉) TD.120724(14%蔗糖) |
TD.05230(34%蔗糖) TD.08485(12%蔗糖) |
TD.06101(6%蔗糖) |
| 参考文献 | 鼠 大鼠 |
鼠 大鼠 |
鼠 大鼠 |
鼠 大鼠 |
饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)
从脂肪中摄取55-60%卡路里的食物TD.06414和TD.93075通常用于诱发啮齿动物肥胖。虽然与典型的人类脂肪摄入相比，这些饮食被认为是极端的，但在大多数啮齿类动物中，这些饮食能有效地启动快速增重。由于脂肪含量较高，碳水化合物的摄入空间较小，因此碳水化合物(特别是蔗糖)含量相对较低。如果你对高脂肪和高碳水化合物感兴趣，那就看看脂肪中含有40-45%卡路里的饮食(通常被称为西方饮食)。
随着脂肪水平的增加，球团的质量(耐久性)经常受到损害。一些高脂肪配方只有在非颗粒形式，或需要特定的碳水化合物，麦芽糊精，用于球团。根据使用的脂肪和碳水化合物来源，非颗粒形式可能是致密和碎屑，面团样，或糊状。虽然使用非颗粒饮食更具有挑战性，但许多研究人员仍在使用非颗粒饮食来建立饮食诱导的肥胖模型，因为这些研究人员怀疑，较软的饮食形式可能会促进肥胖的发展。
从脂肪中摄取40-45%卡路里的饮食，如TD.95217, TD.88137, TD.06415，和TD.08811，代表了另一种流行的饮食模式-诱发肥胖的工作。这些食物的蔗糖含量是高脂肪饮食的两倍或三倍。高水平的简单碳水化合物，如蔗糖和果糖，可能有助于促进高甘油三酯血症，胰岛素抵抗和脂肪肝。高蔗糖、高饱和或反式脂肪的饮食在肥胖和心血管领域常被称为“西方饮食”。一些“西方饮食”有进一步的修改脂肪酸剖面，甚至特定的维生素和矿物质调整，以更紧密地匹配西方饮食模式。有关特定脂肪酸的修改，请参阅脂肪/脂肪调节饮食一页。
饮食诱导糖尿病
许多用于诱导啮齿动物肥胖的饮食可以用于增强糖尿病相关表型，如胰岛素抵抗和葡萄糖不耐受。然而，空腹高血糖特征的糖尿病(葡萄糖>200 mg/dL)是罕见的饮食方法。预先喂食高脂饮食，诱导一定程度的肥胖和胰岛素抵抗，然后给予小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)可能是一个有效的方法，如果公开高血糖是需要。
成分匹配的低脂DIO控制饮食
除了不同类型的碳水化合物外，还有许多不同水平和类型的脂肪，从蔗糖(高精制，简单消化)到玉米淀粉(精制，但更复杂)，再到抗性淀粉(精制，但不能完全消化)。一个非常基本的净化控制饮食将是AIN-93M (TD.94048) 或AIN-93g(TD.94045)AIN-93日粮中蔗糖含量在10%左右，脂肪来源于具有健康脂肪酸的大豆油。更多的控制特定DIO饮食的例子可以在上表中找到。
许多研究人员选择将高脂肪喂养的动物与食用天然成分谷物的动物(也称为标准饮食或周食)进行比较。这些饮食在营养来源和水平以及非营养因素(如植酸盐或植物雌激素)存在的情况下存在差异。根据您的主要比较，它可能适合作为您的对照/参考组谷物基础的饮食。然而，这样的比较限制了对饮食模式和特定饮食成分的推断。
Diet induced obesity | Envigo
Purified high fat diets used to induce obesity and obesity-related complications such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome typically have 40-60% of energy derived from fat. The diet tables below summarize relevant diet features for several Teklad custom research diets commonly used in rodent models.
Teklad also creates high-fat diets for other species, including pigs, primates, and dogs. Contact us to discuss the use of these diets or one that better meets your needs.
| COMMONLY-USED DIET-INDUCED OBESITY (DIO) TEKLAD RODENT DIETS WITH 55-60% OF CALORIES FROM FAT | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| DIET FEATURES | TD.06414STOCKED | TD.93075DOUGH | TD.07011PELLET |
| Kcal/g | 5.1 | 4.8 | |
| Fat, % Kcal | 60 | 55 | |
| Fat Sources, % by weight |
31% lard 3% soybean oil |
27.4% vegetable shortening 1.6% corn oil |
|
| Fatty acid profile, % total fat |
37% saturated 47% monounsaturated 16% polyunsaturated |
28% saturated, 30% trans 28% monounsaturated (cis) 14% polyunsaturated (cis) |
|
| Sucrose, % by weight |
12.1 | 9.6 | |
| Notes | 60F10S poster data Compare to D12492 |
Trans fat | |
| Example modifications | TD.08500coconut oil TD.09766 milk fat |
||
| Ingredient matched, low fat control diets* |
TD.06416 (35% sucrose) TD.08806 (11% sucrose) |
TD.93074 (21% sucrose) TD.120651 (7% sucrose) |
|
| References | Mouse Rat |
Mouse Rat |
*Control diets can be designed in several ways, depending on what features the researcher wants to modify relative to the high-fat diet. These are just a few examples.
| COMMONLY-USED DIET-INDUCED OBESITY (DIO) TEKLAD RODENT DIETS WITH 40-45% OF CALORIES FROM FAT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIET FEATURES | TD.06415 | TD.08811 | TD.88137STOCKED | TD.95217 |
| Kcal/g | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.3 |
| Fat, % Kcal | 45 | 45 | 42 | 40 |
| Fat sources, % by weight |
19.5% lard 3% soybean oil |
21% milk fat 2% soybean oil |
21% milk fat | 10.6% vegetable shortening 4% milk fat 4% soybean oil |
| Fatty acid profile, % total fat |
36% saturated 46% monounsaturated 18% polyunsaturated |
61% saturated 31% monounsaturated 8% polyunsaturated |
62% saturated 27% monounsaturated 5% polyunsaturated |
34% saturated, 18% trans 29% monounsaturated (cis) 19% polyunsaturated (cis) |
| Sucrose, % by weight |
22.8 | 36.8 | 34.5 | 15.8 |
| Notes | Compare to D12451 | 45F30S poster data | “Western Diet” Cholesterol added |
Trans fat |
| Example modifications | TD.110716 milk fat TD.10670 no dye |
TD.130784 lard TD.120438 no dye |
TD.07201 lard TD.00573 h-coconut oil, no cholesterol TD.09682 blue dye |
TD.07734 green dye |
| Ingredient matched, low fat control diets* |
TD.06416 (35% sucrose) TD.110675 (18% sucrose) |
TD.120455 (6% sucrose, resistant starch) TD.120724 (14% sucrose) |
TD.05230 (34% sucrose) TD.08485 (12% sucrose) |
TD.06101 (6% sucrose) |
| References | Mouse Rat |
Mouse Rat |
Mouse Rat |
Mouse Rat |
Diets for diet-induced obesity (DIO)
Diets with 55-60% of calories from fat like TD.06414 and TD.93075 are commonly used for inducing obesity in rodents. While considered extreme compared to typical human fat consumption, these diets are effective in initiating rapid weight gain in most rodents. With higher fat content there is less room for carbohydrate, thus the carbohydrate (particularly sucrose) amount is relatively low compared to other obesity inducing diets. If you are interested in high fat and high carbohydrate, look at diets with 40-45% of calories from fat (often referred to as western diets).
As the fat level increases, pellet quality (durability) is often compromised. Some higher fat formulas are available only in non-pelleted form or require specific carbohydrate, maltodextrin, for pelleting. Depending on the fat and carbohydrate sources used, the non-pelleted form could be dense and crumbly, dough-like, or paste-like. Though a little more challenging to work with, non-pelleted diet is still used by many researchers for diet-induced obesity models as these researchers suspect the softer form may enhance obesity development.
Diets with 40-45% of calories from fat, like TD.95217, TD.88137, TD.06415, and TD.08811, represent another popular diet pattern for diet-induced obesity work. These diets have double or triple the amount of sucrose found in higher fat diets. High levels of simple carbohydrate like sucrose and fructose may help to promote hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and fatty liver. Diets with a pattern of high sucrose and high saturated or trans fat are often referred to as “Western Diets” in obesity and cardiovascular fields. Some “Western Diets” have further modifications to the fatty acid profile or even specific vitamin and minerals adjustments to be even more closely matched to a Western Diet pattern. For specific fatty acid modifications, see examples on our fat/lipid adjusted diets page.
Diets for diet-induced diabetes
Many of the same diets used for inducing obesity in rodents can be used to enhance diabetes related phenotypes like insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. However, fasting hyperglycemia characteristic of diabetes (glucose > 200 mg/dL) is uncommon with a diet only approach. Pre-feeding a high fat diet to induce a certain level of obesity and insulin resistance and then giving low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) may be an effective approach if overt hyperglycemia is desired.
Ingredient matched, low-fat DIO control diets
There are many options with different levels and types of fat in addition to different types of carbohydrate ranging from sucrose (highly refined, simple digestion) to corn starch (refined, but more complex) to resistant starch (refined, but not fully digestible). A very basic purified control diet would be AIN-93M (TD.94048) or AIN-93G (TD.94045). AIN-93 diets have a moderate amount of sucrose at ~10%, and fat is from soybean oil with a healthy fatty acid profile. Additional examples of controls for specific DIO diets can be found in the above tables.
Many researchers choose to compare their high fat fed animals to animals fed a natural ingredient, grain-based diet (also referred to as standard diets or chow). These diets differ in the source and level of nutrients as well as in the presence of non-nutritive factors (such as phytates or phytoestrogens). Depending on what your main comparisons are, it may be suitable to have a grain-based diet as your control/reference group. However, making such comparisons limits inferences to dietary patterns versus a specific dietary component.